Earthquake response of embankment resting on liquefiable soil with different mitigation models

Three different liquefaction mitigation techniques for an earthen embankment resting on saturated loose cohesionless soil have been compared in the present study as densification of foundation soil, stone column mitigation, and hybrid pile-stone mitigation. Numerical modelling has done using finite element assuming plane strain condition. Liquefaction behaviour modelled effective stress-based elasto-plastic UBC3D-PLM model. All three models along with benchmark model analysed under 25 real ground motions. The maximum crest settlement occurred Imperial Valley (1979) motion having Arias Intensity. excess pore pressure ratio zone below toe found to be increasing Intensity In case region toe, mitigated away from towards free field liquefies. reduces more efficiently beneath than other two techniques. a combination gravel drainage pile reduce well shear-induced post-shaking due rapid dissipation soil.